|
|
|
| (1) |
When ‘C’ is followed by A,O,U,K & T, it is pronounced as ‘K’ and |
| When ‘C’ is preceded by a vowel it is pronounced as ‘K’ |
| Example: |
A – |
Cat, Can, Camera, Cater, Cattle, Cake |
|
O – |
Cock, Cot, Collect, Coke, Colon, Coach, Could, Count, Coat, Concern |
|
U – |
Cut, Custom, Cure, Culture, Custody, Customer |
|
K – |
Cock, Back, Sack, Rack, Crockery |
|
T – |
Act ,Action, Fact, Pact, Practice, Duct |
|
|
| (2) |
When word begins with ‘C’ and is followed by ‘E’, ‘I’, ‘Y’, it is pronounced as ‘S’ |
| Example: |
E – |
Rice, Mice, Piece, Peace, Dice, Practice, Grocer, Celebrate |
|
I – |
Circle, Cinema, Citizen, Fascinate, Circus, Criticism, |
|
Y – |
Cycle, Cyclist, Cyclone, Cyst, Cyanide |
|
|
| (3) |
When ‘C’ is followed by ‘IA’ or ‘EA’, it is pronounced as ‘SH’ |
| Example: |
IA – |
Social, Special, Specialty, Crucial, Financial |
|
EA – |
Ocean, Panacea, |
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) |
When a word ends with ‘GE’ or ‘GE’ is a part of a word, it is pronounced as ‘J’ and others ‘G’ |
| Example: |
GE – |
Cage, Coinage, Cottage, Page, Wage, Merger, Mortgage, Religion, Lodge, Ginger, Germ, Pigeon etc. (pronounced as ‘J’) |
|
GE – |
Finger, Give, God, Ground, Singer etc. (pronounced as ‘G’) |
|
|
|
Note: There are many exceptions to this rule. |
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) |
When the word ends with g, ge, gg,oe, ie ,ee and y, ‘s’ is pronounced as ‘z’ |
| Example: |
Songs, Eggs , Rupees, Boys, Rays, Toys Heroes, Worries, Sees |
|
|
| (2) |
When a word ends with e, f, p, pe, te, it is pronounced as ‘s’ |
| Example: |
Craps, Roofs, Proofs, Traps, Helps, Crops, Hopes, Pipes, Slopes, Kites, Shops, Jokes etc. |
|
|
| (3) |
When a word with ‘s’ and ‘ss’ is followed by IA, ION, it is pronounced as ‘SH’ |
| Example: |
Asian, Persian, Pension, Profession, Session, Mansion, Mission, Passion |
|
|
|
|
|
| (1) |
When ‘T’ is followed by ia, ie, io, it is pronounced as ‘sh’ |
| Example: |
Patient, Nation, Motion, Ration, Creation, Mention |
|
|
| (2) |
When ‘S’ is followed by ‘TION’, ‘TIAN’ or ‘TURE’, it is pronounced as ‘CH’ |
| Example: |
Christian, Question, Vulture, Culture, Future |
|
|
| (3) |
When ‘T’ is followed by ‘H’ then it is pronounced as “TH” / “DH” |
| Example: |
TH – |
Thirteen, Throw, Thrive , Three |
|
|
DH – |
This |
|
|
TH – |
That, Then ,There, Than |
|
|
WHEN CONSONANTS ARE SILENT
|
|
|
In following words Consonants remains Silent |
| Example: |
B – |
Doubt |
|
|
L – |
Chalk, Talk, Walk, Palm, Calm |
|
|
K – |
Know, Knowledge, Knife, Knight |
|
|
GH – |
Right, Light, Plight, Flight |
|
|
N – |
Column, Autumn, Solemn |
|
|
P – |
Psychology, Pneumonia, Pneumatic |
|
|
